Parts & their functions [ edit ] This complex "biological membrane" contains several parts and each of those parts have a specific function: Phospholipid Bilayer , or otherwise known as the "Lipid Bilayer", is one of the largest parts of the cell membrane. It contains two layers of phospholipids (phosphate heads + lipid tails) and allows small molecules such as water, oxygen and carbon dioxide to enter or leave the cell. Proteins can be found within or on the surface of the cell membrane and are able to do many vital functions: Proteins transport large molecules in and out of cells (transportation), regulate chemical reactions that happen around the cell membrane (enzyme activity), send messages to other cells (messengers), recognize cell invaders/harmful cells (cell recognition), and proteins reinforce the structure of the cell membrane (support). Carbohydrate Chains , or glycolipids/glycoproteins , are chains found on the surface of the cell me